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List of Contributors. Acknowledgments. I: Overview:. 1. The Scope of Inquiry and Goals of SLA: Catherine J. Doughty and Michael H. Long. II: Capacity and Representation:. 2. On the Nature of Interlanguage Representation: Universal Grammar in the Second Language: Lydia White. 3. The Radical Middle: Nativism without Universal Grammar: William O???Grady. 4. Constructions, Chunking, and Connectionism: The Emergence of Second Language Structure: Nick C. Ellis. 5. Cognitive Processes in Second Language Learners and Bilinguals: The Development of Lexical and Conceptual Representations: Judith F. Kroll and Gretchen Sunderman. 6. Near-Nativeness: Antonella Sorace. III: Environments for SLA:. 7. Language Socialization in SLA: Karen Ann Watson-Gegeo and Sarah Nielsen. 8. Social Context: Jeff Siegel. 9. Input and Interaction: Susan M. Gass. 10. Instructed SLA: Constraints, Compensation, and Enhancement: Catherine J. Doughty. IV: Processes in SLA:. 11. Implicit and Explicit Learning: Robert M. DeKeyser. 12. Incidental and Intentional Learning: Jan H. Hulstijn. 13. Automaticity and Second Languages: Norman Segalowitz. 14. Variation: Suzanne Romaine. 15. Cross-linguistic Influence: Terence Odlin. 16. Stabilization and Fossilization in Interlanguage Development: Michael H. Long. V: Biological and Psychological Constraints:. 17. Maturational Constraints in SLA: Kenneth Hyltenstam and Niclas Abrahamsson. 18. Individual Differences in Second Language Learning: Zoltan Dornyei and Peter Skehan. 19. Attention and Memory during SLA: Peter Robinson. 20. Language Processing Capacity: Manfred Pienemann. VI: Research Methods:. 21. Defining and Measuring SLA: John Norris and Lourdes Ortega. 22. Data Collection in SLA Research: Craig Chaudron. VII: The State of SLA:. 23. SLA Theory: Construction and Assessment: Kevin R. Gregg. 24. SLA and Cognitive Science: Michael H. Long and Catherine J. Doughty. Index.